Watercad v8i change material multiple pipes

There are currently many application packages offered by manufacturers for pipeline hydraulic analysis.

Efforts to improve the performance of hydraulic analysis methods were proposed by several researchers, including nodal analysis models of looped water distribution networks, and hydraulic analysis of water supply networks using a Modified Hardy Cross method. These methods are developed from the basis of physical analogies and mathematical modeling.

Development of hydraulic analysis methods for drinking water distribution pipelines in general include the Hardy Cross method (Cross, 1936 Hoag and Weinberg, 1957), Simultaneous Node method (Martin and Peters, 1963 Shamir and Howard, 1968), Simultaneous Loop method (Epp and Fowler, 1970 Jeppson, 1976), Simultaneous Pipe petode namely the Linear Method (Wood and Charles, 1972), the Simultaneous Network method or the Global Gradient Method (Todini and Pilati, 1987). Method development starts from the graphical method, the use of physical analogies to the use of mathematical models. Until now there have been many methods for hydraulic analysis of drinking water distribution pipelines proposed by world researchers. In the case of a complex network, the equation system formed is non-linear and complex so that it requires special methods to solve it. But in a closed network system (loop) solving the equation system by an analytical way is not possible. Thus the solution can be solved analytically. In the case of a branched network, the hydraulic analysis can be done more simply because even though the hydraulic equation system is non-linear but it is still possible to be transformed into a linear function. The Monte Carlo simulation method is not recommended for hydraulic pipe network analysis, even for simple networks.ДЄnalysis of the distribution network hydraulic parameters is an important part of the design and maintenance of drinking water supply systems. The optimization model based on the metaheuristic method is still far more effective than the Monte Carlo simulation method, although it is not as effective as Newton Raphson method. In this case, Newton Raphson method still shows its consistency. In the case of complex networks that have 32 pipe elements and 21 service nodes, there is an indication of performance degradation which is indicated by a decrease in fitness value. The results obtained have a level of accuracy as good as Newton Raphson method. The analysis shows that the optimization model based on the DE, PSO and CODEQ algorithms is very effective for solving problems on a simple network that has 6 pipe elements and 5 service nodes. The effectiveness of the three methods is measured relative by comparing the results of the analysis of the three models with the results from Newton Raphson method and Monte Carlo simulation method. The metaheuristic methods explored are Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm, Particle Swam Optimization (PSO) algorithm and CODEQ algorithm. This article proves the effectiveness of an optimization model based on the m etaheuristic method for the analysis of hydraulic parameters of drinking water distribution pipes. The reliability and ease of applying metaheuristic methods in solving large and complex equation systems make it interesting to be applied as an alternative solution to solving problems in various fields.

Watercad v8i change material multiple pipes